This poster was designed by Linda J. de Wit, and published previously; it now has been translated into Spanish.
The need for clarification between intercultural / intracultural / cross-cultural/ international forms of communication has been made obvious by the number of times I’ve been asked to explain the differences. These terms have been discussed at length in many publications; one direct source is:
Leeds-Hurwitz, W. (1990). Culture and communication: A review essay. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 76, 85-96.
The idea to use fruit for the visual explanation of the different terms was Linda’s, and came from proverbs: in English, one is told not to compare apples and oranges; in many other languages, the fruits referred to are apples and pears. The poster thus implicitly refers to the relativist idea that cultures shouldn’t be judged in comparison to others.
The Spanish translation was provided by Neus Crous-Costa, and the graphic design work necessary to revise was by Yan Qiu. Here then is CID Poster 4: Tipos de comunicación cultural .
Just in case anyone wants to cite this poster, the following would be the recommended format:
Center for Intercultural Dialogue. (2026). Tipos de comunicación cultural [N. Crous-Costa, trans.]. CID Posters, 4. Available from: https://centerforinterculturaldialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/cid-poster-4-fruit-spanish.png
As with other series, CID Posters are available for free on the site; just click on the thumbnail to download a printable version. They may be downloaded, printed, and shared as is, without changes, without cost, so long as there is acknowledgment of the source.
As with other CID Publications, if you wish to prepare an original contribution, please send an email before starting any work to receive approval, to minimize inadvertent duplication, and to learn about technical requirements. As is the case any series, posters should be created initially in English. If you want to volunteer to translate a poster into a language in which you are fluent, send in a note before starting, to receive approval and to confirm no one else is working on the same one.
Wendy Leeds-Hurwitz
Director, Center for Intercultural Dialogue
intercult.dialogue AT gmail.com
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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